SSIThe respiratory metabolism measurement system for medium and large animals is an extension of the SSI animal respiratory metabolism measurement system in the study of respiratory metabolism in medium and large animals. The system is equipped with a high-throughput Flowkit series gas generation control system and customized respiratory chambers or respiratory metabolism masks, which are used for respiratory metabolism measurement of medium and large animals such as rabbits and dogs, poultry and birds of chicken size and above, and can be optionally equipped with animal activity monitoring modules, implantable animal temperature and heart rate recorders, etc. This system can also be used for measuring human respiratory metabolism and observing activity.

Main functional features:

1. Optional CO2 analyzer, O2 analyzer, CH4 analyzer, H2O analyzer, etc,

2. According to the size of the animal, different models of Flowkit gas generation control systems can be selected, such as Flowkit100 (gas flux up to 100L/min, suitable for respiratory metabolism measurement of large poultry and other medium-sized animals), Flowkit500 (gas flux up to 500L/min), Flowkit1000 (gas flux up to 1000L/min), Flowkit2000 (gas flux up to 2000L/min, suitable for respiratory metabolism measurement of large animals such as cattle)

3. Optional single channel and multi-channel measurement systems (the following figure shows the respiratory metabolism configuration of multi-channel large poultry)

4. Respiratory chambers, respiratory masks, metabolic chambers, etc. can be customized according to research needs. Metabolic chambers can control O2 or CO2 concentrations, and are equipped with animal behavior observation systems

5. Optional implantable animal temperature and rhythm recorders, and even wireless telemetry of animal temperature, rhythm, etc

6. An optional animal activity monitoring module can be used to monitor and analyze the activity intensity, frequency, and time allocation of animals (the following figure shows the rumination behavior and other activity monitoring of cows)

Application case:

Multi channel Livestock Respiratory Thermometry System at the School of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, for the Chinese Sheep System Customer Group

The respiratory heating system is a modular structure system with high scalability and flexibility. The system is equipped with FC-10 oxygen analyzer, CA-10 carbon dioxide analyzer, MA-10 methane analyzer, RH-300 water vapor analyzer, and Flowkit500+SS4 gas sampling control unit, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the airflow and obtaining high-precision and high-sensitivity raw data; The gas analyzer comes with temperature and pressure compensation, ensuring that standard state data can be obtained under different altitudes and temperature conditions, ensuring the accuracy of the data.

The following table shows the research conducted on sheep by institutions such as the Feed Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences using the same systematic approach (Ding Jingmei, Deng Kaidong et al., 2018).

With the decrease of NDF/NFT ratio, the methane emissions of feed 4 were significantly lower than the other three feeds within 0-2 hours, 2-4 hours, and 7-8 hours after feeding (P<0.05). With the passage of time, methane emissions show a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Within 0-2 hours after feeding, the methane emissions from all four types of feed were significantly higher than those in other time periods (P<0.05).

In addition to the standard configuration, this system can be optionally equipped to monitor multiple physiological indicators:

l Optional implantable animal temperature and heart rate automatic recorder

l Optional activity monitoring unit, comprehensively recording animal activity status, rumination frequency, etc., while also automatically recording body surface temperature and moisture (sweating situation)

l Optional infrared thermal imaging observation system, which accurately measures and analyzes animal body temperature distribution and heat dissipation

l Optional gas control system to regulate and control the concentration of oxygen or carbon dioxide entering the breathing chamber

The livestock respiratory heating system has a wide customer base in China, such as Shanxi Agricultural University, Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Qinghai University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and other institutions, and has published high impact factor articles in both Chinese and English.

Dr. Anthony M. Pagano, a wildlife conservation expert at the United States Geological Survey (USGS), published an article titled "The High Energy, High Fat Lifestyle Achieves the Top Predator Polar Bear" in the journal Science in February 2018. This article used a comprehensive approach including isotope technology, physiological and biochemical technology, acceleration technology, and open energy metabolism technology to design the experimental plan. It is exciting that the scientist can publish at least three high impact factor papers within a year using energy metabolism technology.

Metabolism determines the rate of energy demand of organisms, and measuring metabolic rate has become an important indicator linking Arctic sea ice to the decline in polar bear survival. Changes in energy balance caused by increased energy consumption or reduced foraging opportunities may lead to a decline in health status, survival, or reproductive success.

Measure the resting metabolic rate of adult female polar bears using open energy metabolism techniques, and evaluate the basal energy expenditure of the species by comparing it with freely moving polar bears and other mammals.

Researchers at the Chengdu Giant Panda Base have published three SCI articles using the SSI animal metabolic system from 2015 to 2017. Among them, in 2016, an article titled "Discovering Conservation Strategies for Giant Pandas through Metabolic Rates" was published in the journal Nature, revealing conservation strategies for endangered animals through energy metabolism research on the growth and development process of giant pandas.

Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, USAThe article "Climate Impact on Thermal Balance and Water Use of African and Asian Elephants: Physiological Drivers for Predicting Elephant Distribution" was published in The Journal of Experimental Biology in 2013By using infrared thermal imaging technology and open respiratory metabolism measurement technology, physiological parameters such as surface temperature, skin evaporation and heat loss, static heat production, and respiratory evaporation and water loss of elephants can be obtained to predict the management and utilization capacity of elephant populations for surface water resources.

Due to the obvious habit of elephants colliding with plants, factors that strongly affect elephants' utilization of landscape scales have received close attention. As animals that rely heavily on water resources, the management of surface water resources can be used to alleviate resource conflicts caused by excessive elephants in local areas. Assuming that heat dissipation relies on evaporation cooling helps elephants become dependent on water, which is an important challenge for large mammals. The interaction between temperature and surface water distribution is an important driving factor for the utilization of elephant landscapes.

Elephants can dissipate heat through various non evaporative strategies, such as maximizing heat conduction through ear adaptation, increasing heat loss at lower wind speeds with lower hair density on the epidermis, and behavioral strategies for seeking shade. At higher temperatures, heat storage or evaporation cooling is a unique mechanism for animals to dissipate excess metabolic heat. Thermal regulation under water dependent conditions is a key driving factor for differentiated landscape utilization of elephant populations in different climates.

The left image shows a customized breathing mask for an elephant, and the right image shows the change in heat loss of the elephant over time

Place of Origin:America

references

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